Dopamine neurons are characterized by their response to unexpected rewards, but some also fire during movement and in response to aversive stimuli. Dopamine neuron diversity has also been observed based on their genetic expression profiles, suggesting that different functions might map onto such genetic subtypes. However, this has not been...
La Cotidianidad en la novela gráfica latinoamericana del siglo veintiuno investiga los elementos que conectan a la primera generación de artistas latinoamericanos del cómic que publican su arte principalmente en novelas gráficas, especialmente en relación con el uso de representaciones de la vida cotidiana en la región como principal motor...
Biomineralization relies on the regulation of localized environments to control how minerals are formed. Through the use of confinement and specific additives, the organism is able to change the energy landscape of nucleation and growth to build single crystals with unusual morphologies. In order to better understand the environments in...
From the 1990s through the 2000s, gross-out comedy – in the broadest terms, the style of physical comedy that emphasizes bodily functions and fluids, transgressive imagery and behavior, and shock value and disgust – triumphed as a subgenre of popular narrative film and television comedy. Gross-out comedy first emerged as...
External manipulation of soft matter underlies a multitude of advancements in far-from-equilibrium materials. The application of magnetic fields has proven tremendouslybeneficial due to its ability to impart rapid and precise changes throughout soft magnetic systems. This has led to scientists and engineers to develop composite materials that take advantage of...
Drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) are waste materials generated during the clarification process of drinking water treatment. The application of DWTRs as sorbent materials offers an opportunity to reuse and add value to these materials. For instance, as metal sorbents, DWTRs could be used as active capping materials to remediate...
Micro-X is a high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy sounding rocket mission that had its first flight in July 2018, becoming the first program to carry Transition-Edge Sensors (TES) and multiplexing Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) readout electronics into space, successfully collect data, and subsequently recover the instruments. While a rocket pointing failure...
Phonotactic patterns are generalizations that govern the order of consonants and vowels, within words and syllables. Certain second-order phonotactic patterns—those that relate multiple sounds within a syllable, such as “if the vowel is [ɪ], then [s] can only appear at the end of the syllable”—require a period of sleep-based consolidation...
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors in humans and play a role in nearly all physiological processes. Among GPCRs, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are a structurally distinct family of synaptic receptors that are essential in regulating neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Due to their important regulatory...
Cancer has long been the second-leading cause of death in the United States and represents the leading cause of death in midlife (age 40-60). While the prognosis for many cancers has vastly improved over the last thirty years, many cancers remain elusive due to the late-onset of symptoms, the specific...