What are the origins of race-based affirmative action in college admissions? With only a few exceptions, there remain few evidence-based accounts of when and why such programs emerged among selective institutions of higher education; how heavily they weighed racial considerations; and how exactly race was taken into account. This paper...
In order to understand the role of international courts (ICs) in the international legal system, this chapter examines 25 permanent international courts by analyzing four roles that states have delegated to courts: enforcement, administrative review, constitutional review, and dispute settlement. The chapter finds that ICs can become not only agents...
This paper explores the link between the public policy and the survival strategies of a hybrid political regime. Using the case of higher education in Russia, I show how the Russian state elites use the policy tools widespread in Western democracies to achieve domestic political goals. Introduction of quasi-market mechanisms...
The central thesis of the paper is that authoritarian cases have systematically been excluded from welfare state theories despite the existing empirical research on authoritarian welfare provisions. This theoretical gap has limited the instruments available for comparative welfare state research. As a result, such research has attended to the democratic...
This article examines the ramifications of international law on political refugees. The Cessation Clause, or Article 35 of the 1951 Refugee Convention of the United Nations, guarantees the right of refugees to return home under the assumption that return is the primary objective of refugees. Yet, Harrell-Bond argues in this...
This paper aims to understand how international legal harmonisation impacts legal certainty in countries where most of the economy is informal by examining how OHADA laws have been applied in Cameroon. It describes how the OHADA laws were developed internationally and applied locally and how the actors in two spheres...
During the Second Lebanon War of 2006, Israel's government applied a capital- and firepower-intensive military doctrine poorly suited for its ambitious, and publicly declared, goals. The paper explains this apparently non-strategic behavior with a theory of democratic militarism, arguing that a capitalized military doctrine results in a condition of moral...
This article explains the rapid proliveration in international courts first in the post WWII and then the post Cold War era. It examines the larger international judicial complex, showing how developments in one region and domain affect developments in similar and distant regimes. Situating individual developments into their larger context,...
Europe created the model of embedded international courts (IC), where domestic judges work with international judges to interpret and apply international legal rules that are also part of national legal orders. This model has now diffused around the world. This article documents the spread of European-style ICs: there are now...
Seven to ten percent of the world's 43.3 million forcibly displaced persons are believed to be people with disabilities. This report examines the health-related needs of displaced persons with disabilities and how these needs can be better addressed in the context of displacement camps. It uses two methodological stages: first,...