Bacterial gene expression requires numerous steps that are energetically costly and tightly regulated. Following transcription of messenger-RNA, the translation of mRNA into protein is further regulated by a variety of sequence features both within and upstream of coding sequences. Collectively, these features contribute to the control of translation initiation, elongation,...
Investigating the drug response at the transcriptional level is powerful for understanding the mechanism of drug adverse effects, elucidating inter-individual drug response variability and developing personalized therapies. However, drug perturbation experiments are limited to immortal cell lines which do not reflect the true physiology and gene expression of the liver,...
Recent discoveries of black hole (BH) candidates in galactic and extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) have ignited interest in understanding how BHs dynamically evolve in a GC and the number of BHs (NBH) that may still be retained by today's GCs. Numerical models show that even if stellar-mass BHs are retained...
The search for life beyond Earth is one of the big questions in the modern science community, and a primary motivation behind a range of NASA's ground-based and space-bourne missions. In the near future, the James Webb Space Telescope, LUVOIR, and HabEx will characterize the atmospheres of nearby Earth-like exoplanets....
High throughput single cell transcriptomics is a powerful tool for unbiased marker-free discovery of the new cell types and activation states. This process involves reverse transcribing RNA using beads containing oligonucleotide bar codes to perform whole genome amplification such that a barcoded cDNA library is produced. This library can then...
After stroke, motor recovery usually occurs with functional changes in the sensorimotor network rather than healing damaged brain areas. Clinical assessments and structural brain imaging techniques (CT/MRI) provide an overview of stroke severity and anatomical damages but cannot reveal the dynamic changes of brain function. Electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive...
Seismic waves from large-magnitude earthquakes sometime trigger small secondary earthquakes or tectonic tremor. These secondary signals are important to observe and study because their occurrence reflects on the state of stress of the subsurface, which is important for hazard assessment. Here we first report on how individual inspection by a...
The distribution of tsunami amplitudes in the open ocean is controlled by fault geometry and ocean depth -- or, bathymetry.Forecasting tsunami amplitudes at the coastlines by means of simulation of propagation -- especially in large grids -- is time-consuming. Therefore, on one hand, it is of interest to eliminate unnecessary...
Milgram’s small-world experiments provided evidence for six degrees of separation, only a chain of five contacts separates any two random people. In theory, this small-world phenomenon is prevalent from a network structure perspective. However, empirical evidence shows that successful message chains are occasional, and the length of message chains are...