Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have advanced rapidly over the last three decades to the point where they have the potential to fundamentally change the way complex parts will be designed and fabricated in the future. Additive methods leverage the ability to join metal particles or molten droplets in a layer-by-layer...
Two recent developments in the transportation industry – shared-use mobility services and fully-autonomous vehicles (AVs) – have the potential to fundamentally transform urban mobility. Shared-use mobility services (e.g. Uber, Lyft, Via, Chariot, ZipCar, and Car2go) are already beginning to bridge the gap between personal vehicles and fixed-route transit service in...
Connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology is a disruptive transportation development with potentially transformative impacts on society and the economy. CAV systems promise to significantly reduce human-caused road crashes, improve traffic flow performance, and lower pollutant emissions. However, realizing those benefits requires strategic planning for the deployment of CAV systems...
The heart of computational materials science lies in providing fundamental insights and understanding of materials behavior and properties across different scales. The significance of this task is highlighted by the Materials Genome Initiative and the emergence of computational tools and frameworks such as materials by design, microstructure sensitive design, and...
People pursuing important goals are known to prefer means that are highly instrumental (those most likely to facilitate goal pursuit). The self-handicapping literature demonstrated an important caveat to this principle—that people instead prefer impediments (rather than instrumental means) to their most important, identity-central goals when they anticipate goal failure. Such...
Valence-to-core (vtc) x-ray emission spectra (XES) provides direct information on occupied valence orbitals and is sensitive to chemical environment. Combining with element specificity and high penetration of hard x-rays, it is emerging as an information-rich technique and its applications have been demonstrated in research fields, such as catalysis and metalloenzymes....
Recovering three-dimensional (3D) structural information of a specimen from a single two-dimensional (2D) measurement remains an important but challenging task in microscopic imaging. A conventional 2D microscopic image has a shallow depth-of-focus (DoF). Thus, recovering 3D information usually requires sequentially z-scanning the focal planes. This process is time consuming and...
Nucleic acids not only are the building blocks of life but also a class of attractive macromolecular therapeutics. However, the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides into cells has been a major challenge due to their large size and highly negatively charged backbone. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are a class of emerging...
When a cell divides, it must assemble a microtubule-based structure called a spindle, which provides the forces that physically segregate the chromosomes. In most cell types the microtubules that comprise the spindle are nucleated and organized by centriole-containing centrosomes. In many species, however, oocyte meiosis is carried out in the...
Automated sketch collaborators might help us create more dynamic intelligent tutoring systems, work out designs, reduce bias in solving spatial social problems, and organize our ideas. Here, we examine some properties of sketch recognition methods designed to help serve that goal. Structure Mapping techniques are applied to symbolic structural descriptions...