Body size is one of the most discernible ways in which animal species vary. The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), the largest animal on earth, can reach up to 30 m in length and weigh up to 200 tonnes. At the other extreme, a species of frog called Paedophryne amauensis is...
How well do Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) maps forecast ground shaking due to earthquakes? This question is central to ensuring the safety, security, and economic well-being of citizens. PSHA maps are an important product for users including seismologists, engineers, insurers, and policymakers. PSHA, which has been used worldwide for...
Anthropogenic consumption of fossil fuels releases carbon into the Earth-atmosphere-ocean system at rates unmatched by geologic processes. Yet, some geologic time periods also show evidence of climate forcing related to rapid natural greenhouse gas emissions and can serve as tools to help understand the future trajectory of climate. Geologic events...
Successful restoration depends on the establishment and survival of selected species, and sowing seed is the most cost-effective method to ensuring a successful restoration. Generally, a locally sourced seed is thought to be better adapted to local environmental conditions and, therefore, more likely to thrive. In addition, a local seed...
Nanocarriers are drug delivery vehicles that have at least one dimension at the nanoscale (10-9 m). Engineering the nanocarrier surface is a strategy for targeting drug delivery to specific cell types to enhance efficacy and minimize side effects. A useful analogy is to consider how the chassis of an automotive...
In the past decade, the e-hail service provided by transportation network companies (TNCs) gained popularity in major cities around the world. By allowing passengers to virtually “hail” vehicles on mobile phones, e-hail has revolutionized the matching process in ride-hail, drastically reducing the existing search friction. However, previous studies found the...
Language models are the foundation of many natural language tasks such as machine translation, speech recognition, and dialogue systems. Modeling the probability distributions of text accurately helps capture the structures of language and extract valuable information contained in various corpora. In recent years, many advanced models have achieved state-of-the-art performance...
Plasmonic nanoparticles have very large absorption cross sections and can concentrate the local density of photon states on the nano scale. When they are coupled to molecules or semiconductor nanocrystals and form different hybrid nanostructures, various light-matter interaction processes can be significantly enhanced or manipulated, including optical responses like fluorescence...
In memory overgeneralization, details from negatively-valenced episodic memories become excessively generalized to unrelated neutral situations. This is a key cognitive distortion associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stress promotes memory generalization, and this process likely relies on stress-induced changes in dorsal...
In recent years, the social sciences have been ensnared in a crisis in which many research findings cannot be replicated (Ioannidis, 2005; Open Science Collaboration, 2015; Camerer et al., 2016; Makel & Plucker, 2014). This crisis has been attributed to a variety of problems including lack of transparency about research...
