The search for life beyond Earth is one of the big questions in the modern science community, and a primary motivation behind a range of NASA's ground-based and space-bourne missions. In the near future, the James Webb Space Telescope, LUVOIR, and HabEx will characterize the atmospheres of nearby Earth-like exoplanets....
High throughput single cell transcriptomics is a powerful tool for unbiased marker-free discovery of the new cell types and activation states. This process involves reverse transcribing RNA using beads containing oligonucleotide bar codes to perform whole genome amplification such that a barcoded cDNA library is produced. This library can then...
After stroke, motor recovery usually occurs with functional changes in the sensorimotor network rather than healing damaged brain areas. Clinical assessments and structural brain imaging techniques (CT/MRI) provide an overview of stroke severity and anatomical damages but cannot reveal the dynamic changes of brain function. Electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive...
Seismic waves from large-magnitude earthquakes sometime trigger small secondary earthquakes or tectonic tremor. These secondary signals are important to observe and study because their occurrence reflects on the state of stress of the subsurface, which is important for hazard assessment. Here we first report on how individual inspection by a...
The distribution of tsunami amplitudes in the open ocean is controlled by fault geometry and ocean depth -- or, bathymetry.Forecasting tsunami amplitudes at the coastlines by means of simulation of propagation -- especially in large grids -- is time-consuming. Therefore, on one hand, it is of interest to eliminate unnecessary...
Milgram’s small-world experiments provided evidence for six degrees of separation, only a chain of five contacts separates any two random people. In theory, this small-world phenomenon is prevalent from a network structure perspective. However, empirical evidence shows that successful message chains are occasional, and the length of message chains are...
Phylogenetic analysis of HIV is a useful tool in determining factors that may contribute to transmission cluster growth. To better target HIV prevention, it is necessary to understand how research and surveillance data can be combined in a meaningful way.HIV genetic sequences were collected in the RADAR cohort of YMSM...
Developmental dyslexia cannot currently be diagnosed until a child has failed to learn to read as expected. Researchers have sought to find neural measures that may help predict a child’s later reading ability. One of these measures is the mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential (ERP) component elicited by an...
Three-dimensional imaging techniques have been widely used in both industry and academia. Time-of-flight (ToF) sensors offer a promising method of 3D imaging due to compact size and low complexity. However, state-of-the-art ToF sensors only have depth resolutions of centimeters due to limitations in the modulation frequencies that can be used....
ESA and NASA are moving forward with plans to launch LISA around 2030. With data from the Illustris large-scale cosmological simulation, we provide analysis of LISA detection rates accompanied by characterization of the merging massive black holes and their host galaxies. Massive black holes of total mass $\sim10^6-10^9 M_\odot$ are...
It is well documented that an individual’s ability to know who knows whom in their network has positive benefits in various facets of professional life. But people vary in their network acuity - that is, their ability to accurately assess who knows whom in their network. This poster seeks to...
Hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation have proven to be incredibly useful tools in understanding the nature of star formation. Many modern simulations have identified the importance of and implemented new and powerful schemes for including the stellar feedback processes that regulate star formation, such as the FIRE simulations. The FIRE...
A medical prescription is a set of health care instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual patient; it includes orders for drug therapy, diet, clinical assessment, laboratory testing, and more. Clinicians have long used algorithmic thinking to describe and implement these prescriptions but without the benefit of...
Genetic instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Neoplastic cells accumulate somatic mutations in their genomes, resulting in aberrant homeostasis, cancer cell survival, and proliferation. Different genetic instability processes result in distinct non-random patterns of DNA mutations, also known as mutational signatures. The interest in the identification of mutational...
In an environment with limited time and resources, why do some legislators repeatedly sponsoring the same bills that never pass? Are they only appealing to constituents or lobbyists, or do they reintroduce legislation for strategic purposes? Bachrach and Baratz (1962) characterize the second-face of power as having control over agenda-setting....
The ribosome, a 2.5-MDa molecular machine that polymerizes α-amino acids into proteins, is the catalytic workhorse of the translation apparatus. The catalytic capacity of the translation machinery has attracted extensive efforts to repurpose it for novel functions. One key idea is that the natural translation machinery can be harnessed to...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS affects up to 15% of premenopausal women worldwide, is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. A number of susceptibility loci have...
Contagion processes arise broadly in the social and biological sciences, manifested as, for example the spread of infectious and the diffusion of innovations. Depending on the network structure, the transmission dynamics can have different. However, when the structure is too complex (e.g. multipartite networks), understanding the properties of the network...
Poor air quality causes 2 to 4 million premature deaths per year globally. Individual high-impact events, like Beijing’s January 2013 “airpocalypse,” have drawn significant attention, as they have demonstrated that short-lived air quality events can have outsized effects on public health and economic vitality. Poor air quality events are the...
Building design and operation impact the accumulation and survival of microorganisms in indoor spaces. These microorganisms, together referred to as the indoor microbiome, have implications for human health and well being. However, the relative importance of factors like architecture compared to, e.g., human occupancy, remains unclear. This study aimed to...