The cellular innate immune response to viruses is a defense mechanism executed by most cells in the human body to form the initial barrier to virus replication. Detection of viral nucleic acids initiates widespread gene expression changes that combine to establish an antiviral state and stimulate professional immune cell activation....
Functional electronic materials are difficult to design due to the complex interplay among chemistry, atomic structure, and electrical properties. This dilemma is further amplified in transition metal compounds which can defy the band-theory description of non-correlated electrons. Exploring the vast possible design space completely with experiments or first-principles simulations is...
International media immediately lambasted plans to build a Louvre and a Guggenheim museum in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) as the whimsy of wealthy sheikhs using oil money to “buy culture.” The museums are part of a $27b development project called Saadiyat Island. While Saadiyat is spectacular, dismissing it...
The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the adoption of active mobility through the lens of three fundamental concepts: scale, segment, and neighborhood. Scale refers to both the aggregation of geospatial data and the measurement of latent constructs through behavioral survey instruments. Segment refers to the various clustering approaches...
The work in this thesis focuses on computational methods for the identification of novel enzymatic pathways. In particular this work focuses on the utilization of the Biological Network Integrated Computational Explorer (BNICE) software suite to predict de novo enzymatic pathways for the production of commercially relevant compounds and on improvements...
Musical meter is often described as an objective grid-like system of time-points that is created by musical sounds. I define meter instead as any pattern of felt beats an individual listener chooses to hear, a physical and cognitive interpretation of the music that is (re-) created in the moment of...
Biomaterials have immense potential for studying fundamental biological processes and developing therapies to help regenerate or replace the structure and function of injured tissues. In order to accomplish this, they need to be designed to mimic the structure and function of Nature’s most important material, the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding...
Nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) systems fabricated using atomically-thin materials have low mass and high stiffness and are thus ideal candidates for force and mass sensing applications. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer certain unique properties in their few-layered form – such as piezoelectricity and a direct band gap in some cases – and...
The dissertation systematically delineates the mechanically-guided deterministic assembly of three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures by compressive buckling, covering topics from mechanics concepts, design and analysis, fabrication techniques, to application opportunities. The development of approaches to form complex 3D functional mesostructures in advanced materials is a topic of broad interest, thanks to the...
Plato's readers struggle to reconcile his combination of conceptual argument and mimetic fiction. In this dissertation, I suggest we can understand this discomfiting combination if we understand the dialogues as "the mimesis of people in speech." Because speech is both referential and performative, speech is a hybrid of thought and...
The development and use of organic anionic chromophores that absorb the entire visible spectrum & into the near-infrared region while providing highly reducing equivalents is pinnacle for artificial photosynthesis. This dissertation investigates the rational design of new donor-acceptor systems for artificial photosynthesis that couple naphthalene diimide (NDI)/perylene diimide (PDI) radical...
Abstract The relationship between truth and politics is an ancient and venerable problem in political philosophy. But just as the traditional subordination of politics to philosophy has obscured central categories and experiences of politics (like action and freedom), it has also obscured the distinctive problem of truth in politics, or...
I. The distribution of tsunami amplitudes in the open ocean is controlled by source mechanism and bathymetry geometry. Although detailed studies have considered heterogeneity effects in earthquake tsunami sources, little or no attention has been paid to the effects of physical resolution of detailed bathymetry on tsunami waveforms in the...
Conservation efforts start with understanding the life cycle and interactions of species. For example, orchid conservation requires understanding pollinators as well as mycorrhizal fungi because these are mutualisms orchids require. For instance, all orchids require assistance from orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) to germinate and some orchid species continue to be...
Proper size control of organs and tissues is critical to their function, and it is necessary for the millions of precisely sized tubes that make up those organs— for example, excessive cell growth can lead to devastating diseases such as Polycystic Kidney Disease. The regulation of tube growth is therefore...
“Repurposing Queens: Excavating a Black Feminist Eco-ethic in a Time of Ecological Peril,” articulates how Black feminist theories of race, gender, and science critique both conservative and liberal trends in environmentalism and environmental studies. The project is transnational in scope in that it analyzes figures/objects from the United States and...
The mammalian oocyte undergoes large fluctuations in zinc content as it matures from a prophase I arrested oocyte to a metaphase II egg and finally is fertilized to become a zygote. These changes in total zinc content are necessary for proper progression, as disruption to egg’s ability to acquire and...
This dissertation focuses on subgroup identification in longitudinal studies. There are two different but related topics. In chapter two and chapter three, several longitudinal based methods for subgroup identification with enhanced treatment effect are proposed to correct the deficiency in measuring treatment effect by simply using a summary statistic. In...
Bioresponsive imaging probes act as beacons to allow detection, tracking, and study of otherwise invisible actors in biological systems. Understanding how these underlying systems function in their native context is essential to identifying dysfunction and generating effective remedies. Magnetic Resonance techniques are particularly interesting for this application because of the...
The presence of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) among cognitively normal-for-age older adults is increasingly hypothesized to represent a preclinical stage in the development of Alzheimer’s dementia (Jessen et al., 2014). This project aimed to characterize this construct with regard to its cognitive, motor, emotional, and functional features. The first study...
The term Connected Vehicle (CV) is broadly used to identify any ‘smart vehicle’ with wireless connectivity to the roadside infrastructure and other vehicles. CVs with automation capabilities are called connected automated vehicles (CAVs). With real-time communication and data transmission capability, CAVs have the potential to improve the transportation system’s traffic...
The embryonic neural crest is a unique vertebrate stem cell population that has the ability to retain its stem attributes while neighboring cells in the embryo undergo lineage restriction. These cells possess multi-germ layer developmental potential and can give rise to a diverse array of derivatives such as components of...
Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction associated with reduced quality of life, increased rates of depression and anxiety, and high economic burden to society and the individual. Current behavioral interventions, which target well-known symptom exacerbating factors such as catastrophizing and gastrointestinal- specific anxiety, have demonstrated...
“Love’s Limits: In Persian Poetry and Film” explores the unbounded, unruly, anarchic, border-traversing potential of love through the works of Iranian poets and filmmakers spanning a millennium. In each of the works examined in this study, love precipitates a crisis in relation to a different set of questions or problems...
Affect infusion occurs when feelings elicited by one stimulus (an affect-laden cue) influence reactions to a different stimulus (an attitude object). This effect often happens when the two stimuli are experienced closely in time and space. According to Gestalt principles, a spatial/temporal covariation of the two stimuli can make them...
Individuals within a species vary in complex phenotypes, such as responses to toxins. This drug-response variation causes patients who are treated with the same medicine to experience a range of side effects, ultimately decreasing the efficacy of some drugs. Particular genetic variants among individuals might contribute to differential drug responses,...
“Speculative Justice” asks how U.S. terrorism cases with numerous indicators of entrapment prevail in federal court despite case law designed to prevent these very policing practices. Drawing on a combination of two case studies, an original archive of digital court filings from over 250 defendants, and a collection of over...
The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly promoted the devel- opment of metagenomics, and the analysis of compositional dataset has a wide range of application in this area. Because of the constraint that the sum of species relative abun- dance being 1, many traditional and classical statistical methods cannot...
Annual age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates in the United States have been static for decades. More recently, the development of massively parallel, high throughput DNA sequencing has enabled the cataloging of somatic mutations in cancer. Mutations are non-random and occur within sequence motifs. These motifs provide us with evidence to...
Currently, platelet transfusions, possessing profound clinical importance in the clotting of blood and healing of wounds, are entirely derived from human volunteer donors. This approach is limited by a 5-day shelf life, the potential risk of contamination, and differences in donor/recipient immunology. In vivo, platelets are formed when bone marrow...
Human activities have significantly increased riverine fluxes of carbon and nutrients. River-groundwater interactions facilitate retention and transformation of carbon and nutrients, and therefore profoundly impact carbon and nutrient cycles. From water column to the streambed, there is extensive variations in hydrodynamic transport and biogeochemical reaction over space and time. However,...
Biped robots utilize varying contact conditions and collision between their hands and feet and the walking and climbing surfaces in their environment to navigate their surroundings. This thesis presents a method for generating a continuum of gaits in a unified and extensible framework for physically-symmetric bipeds (bipeds with left and...
My dissertation is entitled “Post-civil Rights in the Hold: Neoliberalism, Race and the Politics of Historical Memory in the Deep South.” Post-civil rights discourse as a specific object of investigation has been under theorized, it has primarily been understood as a fundamental marker of racial progress in the United States...
In the near future, self-driving or driverless vehicles will operate without human control, enabling passengers to use their time in new ways. This opens up avenues for designing new interactions and experiences for individuals or groups traveling in an automobile. For that scenario, automobile manufacturers propose developing bigger and better...
This dissertation is a theoretically informed project that blends ethnographic and archival research methods to examine how queer and transgender performance artists deploy monstrosity as a tactic to question the terms by which LGBTQ people are granted or denied humanity in twenty-first century United States. While there is an abundance...
In this thesis, the optical gain mechanism in low-light conditions of phototransistor detectors (PTDs) is explored. An analytical formula is derived for the physical limit on the minimum number of detectable photons for PTDs. This formulation shows that the sensitivity of the PTD, regardless of its material composition, is related...
Though cognitive behavioral techniques are generally effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders, some people fail to benefit from exposure therapy or experience a return of fear after terminating exposure therapy. The burgeoning field of non-invasive brain stimulation provides a potential method of augmenting exposure therapy so that it is...
Metal nanoparticles supported on oxides are versatile systems. Ordered arrays of multimetallic nanoparticles of different sizes and surface densities can be synthesized using block copolymer-mediated nanolithography techniques. Metal nanoparticles on planar supports like silica can be utilized for catalyst discovery. Under reaction conditions and at high temperatures, the changing surface...
One of the most fascinating observations in the brain is that the neural connections change with experience and this phenomenon is called synaptic plasticity. Patterns of activity or neuromodulators can acutely induce changes in the synaptic strength in the brain. My thesis is focused on understanding the mechanisms of plasticity...
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a powerful analytical tool. Its chemical specificity, rapidity, and portability make it an attractive technique for biosensing, but its application to this field has been limited by the fundamental distance dependence of the surface-enhancement effect. Many biological molecules of interest...
In a political climate where it is assumed that there are no alternatives to capitalism, architectural design and design-based activism are often heralded as providing solutions to capitalism’s negative effects. This dissertation is concerned with how contemporary architectural design naturalizes the organization of racial capitalist labor as it purports to...
Neural crest cells are a population of multipotent stem cells that are unique to vertebrates and give rise to a wide range of derivatives in the developing embryo, including elements of the craniofacial skeleton, pigmentation of the skin and peripheral nervous system. Although these cells reside in the ectoderm, they...
Splicing factor 3B1 (SF3B1) is a core splicing protein that stabilizes the interaction between the U2 snRNA and the branch point (BP) in the RNA target during splicing. SF3B1 is heavily phosphorylated at its N terminus and a substrate of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Although SF3B1 phosphorylation coincides with splicing catalysis,...
In this dissertation, I explore how quasi experiments can be used to estimate the causal impact of financial variables on agents’ behavior. Specifically, I analyze three different events that allow me to shed light on the role that financial markets play in decisions made by households, firms, and the government,...
Hybrid Organic-inorganic halide perovskites are emerging semiconducting materials that have shown over 23% in power conversion efficiency (PCE) for solar cells. The most prominent materials, three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, have limited scope for structural engineering and exhibit instability when encounter with moisture and heat. Here, we focus on studying the structure-property...
Birds such as the barn owl and zebra finch are known for their remarkable hearing abilities that are critical for survival, communication and vocal learning functions. A key to achieving these hearing abilities is the speed and precision required for the temporal coding of sound; a process heavily dependent on...
This dissertation, titled “The Rocket’s Red Glare: Global Power and the Rise of American State Technology, 1940-1960,” makes three distinct but interlocking historical interventions. First, it argues that the rise of technology as a central ideological component of global hegemony represents a historical contingency, rather than a reflexive characteristic of...
The presented thesis introduces our work of extending high-resolution x-ray 3D imaging towards extended samples. With the advent of x-ray sources with higher brightness and better coherence, as well as the rise of the needs to examine the fine structures of large objects in the field of materials science, biology,...
The surge in smart phones, connected vehicles, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) has exponentially increased mobile data usage. While adding new spectrum is the most straightforward way to to meet the skyrocketing demands, the scarcity of spectrum resources and high cost for clearing spectrum make it the most expensive way. This has...
Randomization is considered the gold standard when it comes to evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, primarily due to its ability to avoid bias. However, in recent years, randomization has been heavily criticized in circumstances where subject randomization may not be ethical. In a randomized controlled trial, patients who are extremely...