Within the world of art music, composers have employed a variety of techniques to infuse popular music elements into their writing. This document is an examination of specific instances of this trend in twenty-first century wind ensemble repertoire. The study is limited to twenty-first century wind ensemble works by living...
This is an attempt to recreate a reference architecture with the intention of completing a data engineering capstone project and also learning the services and technologies along the progress. The objective of the project is to use aws cloud managed services to build at scale solution to process, parse and...
This book is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem)—a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries—and the generous support of the Pennsylvania State University. Learn more at the TOME website,... and In Original Forgiveness, Nicolas de Warren challenges the widespread assumption that forgiveness is always a response to something that has incited it. Rather than considering forgiveness exclusively in terms of an encounter between individuals or groups after injury, he argues that availability for the possibility of forgiveness represents an original...
Advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) are enabling computers and robotics to take on an increasing number of work-related tasks that previously were the sole domain of humans. This trend raises questions: Which jobs will be most susceptible to replacement by automation? How many workers risk being replaced?...
There is growing evidence that growth with invasive species influences the traits of co-occurring native plants over multiple generations. Some studies indicate that these experienced populations perform better in the presence of the invasive species that led to the trait changes. These experienced populations could serve as source material for...
Soil texture has important ramifications on the shape and size of roots as well as impacting how much water is taken up and the distribution of nutrients in the soil. These factors lead to differences in growth characteristics and plant performance. However, what traits and how the plant responds to...
Understanding how root traits vary within a species and how traits respond to heterogeneous environments, can provide important insight into functional plant attributes that influence plant survival in competitive environments. Selecting plant material with root traits that will support its survival in heterogenous environments may help improve the outcomes of...
Restoration practitioners have many seed material choices when restoring plant communities, and for some species, cultivars may be the most affordable and accessible material available. However, the process of plant selection and commercial seed production can limit trait variability critical to survival and persistence in heterogeneous environments. Several studies have...
This book is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem)—a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries—and the generous support of the Pennsylvania State University. Learn more at the TOME website,... and The Bilingual Muse analyzes the work of seven Russian poets who translated their own poems into English, French, German, or Italian. Investigating the parallel versions of self-translated poetic texts by Vladimir Nabokov, Joseph Brodsky, Andrey Gritsman, Katia Kapovich, Marina Tsvetaeva, Wassily Kandinsky, and Elizaveta Kul’man, Adrian Wanner considers how verbal...
This book is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem)—a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries—and the generous support of the Pennsylvania State University. Learn more at the TOME website,... and This book investigates what change is, according to Aristotle, and how it affects his conception of being. Mark Sentesy argues that change leads Aristotle to develop first-order metaphysical concepts such as matter, potency, actuality, sources of being, and the teleology of emerging things. He shows that Aristotle’s distinctive ontological claim—that...
This file contains the supplementary online material that should accompany the paper "Defining and Measuring the Influences of GIS-Based
Instruction on Students’ STEM-Relevant Reasoning", published in Journal of Geography.
Advances in biosensor engineering have enabled the design of programmable molecular systems to detect a range of pathogens, nucleic acids, and chemicals. Here, we engineer and field-test a biosensor for fluoride, a major groundwater contaminant of global concern. The sensor consists of a cell-free system containing a DNA template that...
From 2008 to 2019, a range of new interactive and immersive digital formats that present new possibilities for musical and artistic expression have become available. In order to begin the work of uncovering what new compositional and experiential possibilities are now possible, this document will examine each format’s core concepts...
The saxophone has long been an instrument at the forefront of new music. Since its invention, supporters of the saxophone have tirelessly pushed to create a repertoire, which has resulted today in an impressive body of work for the yet relatively new instrument. The saxophone has found itself on...
Metabolic conditions affect the developmental tempo of most animal species. Consequently, developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) must faithfully adjust their dynamics to a variable time scale. We find evidence that weak repressors of gene expression provide the necessary coupling between GRN output and cellular metabolism. Using a mathematical model that...
Recent advances in cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems have enabled their use for a host of synthetic biology applications, particularly for rapid prototyping of genetic circuits and biosensors. Despite the proliferation of cell-free protein synthesis platforms, the large number of currently existing protocols for making CFE extracts muddles the collective...
In 1936 Modibo Keita, a twenty-year-old student at the distinguished Ecole William Ponty in Gorée, Senegal, wrote his “mémoire de fin d'étude” on Soninke childhood. The original manuscript is held in the archives of French West Africa in Dakar, part of the collection of “cahiers de William Ponty.” This paper... and En 1936 Modibo Keita, un étudiant de vingt ans à l'école distingué William Ponty à Gorée, au Sénégal, a écrit son mémoire de fin d'étude sur l’enfance sarakollé. Le manuscrit original se trouve dans les archives de l'Afrique occidentale française à Dakar, où il fait partie de la collection de...
This study explored the mentoring experiences of doctoral students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) doctoral degree programs at Northwestern University. Research suggests that mentoring relationships support student success in STEM disciplines, and further, that lack of mentorship may be a barrier for female students. A mixed-methods approach employing...
In the Western classical art music tradition, a high level of music performance is achieved at the intersection of a musician's emotional, cognitive, and physical processes. Expert classical musicians have both an aural imagining of the sound they intend to produce and the physical associations of what it feels like...
Perhaps better suited for the mosh pit than the orchestra pit, David Lang’s 1991 tour-de-force for solo bass clarinet, Press Release, is a minimalist marvel. Comprised of seven “groove sections” that evolve in seemingly unpredictable ways, Lang cleverly employs monophony to tell a robust story of motivic and harmonic development....
In many dryland environments, vegetation self-organizes into bands that can be clearly identified in remotely-sensed imagery. The status of individual bands can be tracked over time, allowing for a detailed remote analysis of how human populations affect the vital balance of dryland ecosystems. In this study, we characterize vegetation change...
A longstanding goal of synthetic biology has been the programmable control of cellular functions. Central to this is the creation of versatile regulatory toolsets that allow for programmable control of gene expression. Of the many regulatory molecules available, RNA regulators offer the intriguing possibility of de novo design – allowing...
A study is conducted to determine the effects on the early hydration kinetics and
compressive strength by seeding of Portland cement and alkali-activated blast furnace
slag with a pure form of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). The effects of C-S-H seeding
during the early nucleation and growth period of each type...
The segmental prestressed concrete box girder of Koror-Babeldaob (KB) Bridge in Palau, which had the record span of 241 m (791 ft.), presents a striking paradigm of serviceability loss due to excessive multi-decade deflections. The data required for analysis have recently been released and are here exploited to show how...
The in-depth inspection by WIDOT detected two sites that had visible cracks in the stiffener-to-hanger diaphragm welds, the east side of Hanger 6 in the north tie girder, and the east side of Hanger 4 in the south tie girder. Additionally, many ultrasonic indications were detected by WIDOT in the...
The U.S. has 542,000 bridges that consume billions of dollars per year in construction, rehabilitation and maintenance funds and which are the lifelines of U.S. commerce. The 1992 ISTEA (fntermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act) mandates the implementation of a quantitative computerized bridge management system by I 996. A prime need...
The Avalon Media System (Avalon) provides access and management for digital audio and video collections in libraries and archives. The open source project is led by the libraries of Indiana University Bloomington and Northwestern University and is funded in part by grants from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Institute...
This paper describes proposed schemes for describing and indexing two image collections and requirements for the software that would give the end-user access to thesaurus terms and a graphical display of the faceted classification structures of indexing records. Editorial cartoons comprise one collection, dance videos the other.
The nondestructive, in-situ testing of early-age concrete properties is a crucial point for the progress of many construction projects in the building sector. The application of such techniques can establish e.g. the earliest possible form removal from concrete construction elements, thereby opening highways to traffic or releasing prestress from steel...
The setting and hardening process of concrete is considered to be the most critical time period during the life of a concrete structure. Previous research has been conducted on an ultrasonic wave reflection method that utilizes a steel plate embedded in the concrete to measure the reflection loss of shear...
The Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials (ACBM) is a consortium of researchers from: Northwestern University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Purdue University, The University of Michigan, and The National Institute of Standards and Technology. This ACBM update contains information on the article "A better Maturity Meter?" by Surendra P. Shah...
The gradual evolution of the material properties of a cement-based material, i.e. the stiffness of cement paste, is the result of the continuous change of the microstructure with the progress of the hydration process. Based on an existing micromechanical model for the simulation of the shear and elastic modulus of...
In this paper, the correlation of reflection loss measured by an ultrasonic shear wave reflection
method and the microstructure in cement-based material is investigated. Three cement pastes
(Portland cement type I) with different water-cement ratios (0.35, 0.50 and 0.60) cured at 25
°C were examined. The ultrasonic shear wave reflection...
This presentation contains information on the keynote paper "Health Monitoring of Early Age Concrete". The presentation was delivered by Surendra P. Shah at CONSEC'04 in Seoul, Korea on June 30, 2004.
The setting and hardening process of concrete can be considered as the most critical time period during the life of a concrete structure. To assure high quality and avoid problems in performance throughout the life of the material, it is essential to have reliable information about the early age properties...
The concrete currently used in the slip-form paving process is a low slump concrete that requires both internal and external vibration in order to achieve satisfactory compaction. The use of vibrator fingers for the internal vibration often leads to trails on the surface of the pavement and to segregation around...
The paper deals with the behavior of fluid cement pastes, formulated from Self Consolidating Concretes (SCCs), and the experimental correlation of fundamental rheological properties, such as the yield stress and the viscosity, with measurements from field tests, such as the mini-cone slump flow test. As a matter of fact, several...
This presentation contains information on the project "Aligning Data to Support Transportation Decisions, Emerging Challenges & Opportunities for the Data World". The presentation was delivered by Joseph L. Schofer at Transportation Research Board – AASHTO Peer Exchange meeting on May 15-16, 2008.
Gentrification - the process in which higher income (and often younger) households displace lower income residents of a city neighborhood - has been occurring in many urban neighborhoods over the last few decades. This process changes the demographics, and often the essential character, of the neighborhood. As a result, we...
This presentation contains information about the project "The future of transportation... and how we'll pay for it" by Joseph L. Schofer, Department f Civil & Environmental Engineering. The presentation was delivered at the 40th Anniversary Seminar Day at Northwestern University on April 18, 2009.
This study tested a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model as a tool for pre-planning strategies for managing major freeway incidents. Incidents of varying scale and duration were modeled in the northern Chicago highway network, and the impacts of incidents and response actions were measured in terms of both lane-mile-hours of...
The mission of the Infrastructure Technology Institute is to develop strategies and tools
to protect and improve the condition, capacity and performance of the nations highway, railroad,
and mass transit infrastructure systems. The Institute does this through the development
and deployment of (1) advanced technologies for structural health monitoring, (2)...
This presentation provides information on the project "Safety Concrete - a Material Designed to Fail" by Jeffrey J. Thomas, Julie Gevrenov, Hamlin Jennings, and Edward O'Neil. The presentation was delivered at the 106th Annual Meeting & Exposition of The American Ceramic Society, Indianapolis, Indiana in 2004.
Few would argue that concrete is an important and useful material: after all, concrete is the backbone of the world’s infrastructure, used in vast amounts to make roads, buildings, bridges, and other structures. But sometimes familiarity breeds contempt. To most people, concrete is simply that boring grey stuff that we...
The objective of this program is to measure the changes in the properties of the C-S-H gel phase in cement paste as a function of the Ca/Si ratio. The motivation is to better understand the hydration products that form in blended cements with lower Ca/Si ratios than portland cement. The...
This presentation provides information on the progress report of the project "Empirical Study of Life-Cycle Cost Analysis for Bridges" by Ahmad Hadavi, 2003.
This final report provides information about TEA-21 [Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century] funded projects designated A433, and A495 "Evaluation of Capacity of Micropiles Embedded in Dolomite". The report was submitted to the Infrastructure Technology Institute at Northwestern University by Richard J. Finno on September 20, 2002.
Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques have been used for a number of years to provide quality control of construction procedures for drilled shafts and driven concrete piles. In particular sonic echo and impulse response methods have been used extensively to check lengths and continuity of newly-installed foundations. In recent years, the...
An empirical procedure for fitting a complementary error function (erfc) to settlement and lateral ground movement data in a direction parallel to an excavation support wall is proposed based on extensive optical survey data obtained around a 12.8 m excavation in Chicago. The maximum ground movement and the height and...
Several three-dimensional effects were observed in the performance monitoring data collected during excavation for the Ford Engineering Design Center (FEDC) in Evanston, Illinois. These responses are related to lateral deformations of the soil around the excavation walls, forces in the cross-lot and diagonal bracing that supported the temporary wall and...
This paper presents the results of 159 finite element simulations conducted to define the effects of excavation geometry, i.e., length, width and depth of excavation, wall system stiffness, and factor of safety against basal heave on the 3-dimensional ground movements caused by excavation through clays. The results of the analyses...
Successful use of monitoring data to update performance predictions of supported excavations depends equally on reasonable numerical simulations of performance, the type of monitoring data used as observations, and the inverse analysis techniques used to minimize the difference between predictions and observed performance. This paper summarizes each of these factors...
Performance monitoring of deep excavations typically includes slope inclinometers, optical surveying of soil deformation, tiltmeters and strain gages. Current monitoring data collection and processing requires time consuming site visits and manual data reduction by project engineers. Development of robotic and remote access geotechnical instrumentation conceptually allows processed data to be...
This paper describes developments of integrated tools for predicting, monitoring, and controlling ground movements associated with excavations in urban areas. Successful use of monitoring data to update performance predictions of supported excavations depends equally on reasonable numerical simulations of performance, the type of monitoring data used as observations, and the...
This presentation provides information on the the project "Use Of High-Performance A710 Grade B Steel in Construction of Lake Villa, IL Bridge". The presentation was delivered by Morris E. Fine, Semyon Vaynman, and Nunzio Mario Biondolillo on June 14, 2006.
This final report contains information on years 6-7-8 (2004-2007) of TEA-21 funded projects designated A487, W420, and A212. The report was submitted by Morris E. Fine and Semyon Vaynman in 2007.
During the past several years an easily weldable, high strength (more than 75 ksi yield), high impact fracture toughness steel (NUCu steel) has been investigated at Northwestern University with bridge applications in mind. For good weldability without pre-heating and post-heating, the carbon content of the steel was kept low and...
Northwestern University developed copper-precipitation-hardened, high-performance weathering steel (NUCu 70W Steel) that is produced by hot rolling after casting and then air-cooling. Due to simple processing the steel is fabricated at lower cost than competing high-performance steels that require quench and tempering. NUCu 70W steel can be easily welded without pre-...
This brochure contains information on the NUCu Steel ASTM A-710 Grade B project published at Northwestern University's Infrastructure Technology Institute with the support of the Illinois Department of Transportation. The brochure includes further explanation to Current and Potential Applications, Chemical Composition and Steel Processing, Mechanical and Fracture Properties, Corrosion, Welding,...
Northwestern University developed copper-precipitation-hardened, high-performance weathering steel (NUCu 70W Steel) that is produced by hot rolling after casting and then air-cooling. Due to simple processing the steel is fabricated at lower cost than competing high-performance steels that require quench and tempering. NUCu 70W steel can be easily welded without pre-...
Experimental Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) data obtained from the field are compared with numerical simulations using a finite-difference solution of the transmission line equations. The model simulates transmission of a voltage pulse along a lossy coaxial cable where deformities on the cable, such as crimps and shears, are represented by...
How can gatekeeping theory in the circulation of cultural objects, including knowledge production, inform the way cultural sociology investigates the role of the producer and the cultural object as “gated” entities? Using the case of producers working under the rubric of “Contemporary African art” to investigate opportunities and restrictions to...
This presentation is intended to provide background on the principles involved in geotechnical and infrastructure applications of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). TDR is basically radar in which a voltage pulse is launched along a coaxial cable. A reflection of the voltage pulse occurs at every location where the cable is...
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is a versatile technology amenable to a variety of measurements and nondestructive monitoring of infrastructure conditions. It can be utilized to monitor deformation of soil/rock and structures, monitor changes in fluid levels, and monitor water content of soils. Furthermore, this monitoring can be automated using systems...
Two longwall coalmine panels were mined at a depth of approximately 156 m (510 ft) beneath I-70 east of Washington, Pennsylvania such that it crossed the width of one panel at two locations. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDoT) assumed responsibility for real time monitoring of both ground deformation and...
This thesis combines field and laboratory measurements with three dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEM) to demonstrate the use of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) cable-grout composites to measure localized shearing in soft soil. Past field installations of TDR cable-grout composites in rock have lead to its widespread use in the...
This file contains the poster on "Wireless Data Acquisition System in Autonomous Crack Monitoring Projects" from Crossbow Smart Dust Challenge created by Mat Kotowsky, Hasan Ozer, and David Kosnik.
This file contains power-point slides of Application to Crossbow’s Smart Dust Challenge Contest, title "Wireless Data Acquisition System" by Mat Kotowsky and Hasan Ozer. The presentation was delivered at University of California, Berkeley on February 11, 2005.
This paper describes qualification of devices to measure sub micro-meter changes in crack width, which is the basis of autonomous crack monitoring for control of blasting vibrations. Performance of LVDT, eddy current and potentiometer sensors to monitor long-term and transient displacements will be described. Potentiometers are attractive for wireless measurement,...
Miniaturized, wireless instrumentation is now a reality and this thesis describes development of such a system to monitor crack response. Comparison of environmental (long-term) and blast-induced (dynamic) crack width changes in residential structures has lead to a new approach to monitoring and controlling construction vibrations. In wireless systems transducer power...
Mining near the town of Blanford, Indiana for a number of years has led to an opportunity for Peabody Coal Company to study and compare environmental and blast effects. Such a comparison allows description of any blast effects relative to those caused by common environmental changes, which should be familiar...
Public concern over construction vibration-induced cracking has led to the development of a radically new approach to vibration, an autonomous crack comparometer (ACC). This thesis chronicles the first step of developing equipment and software necessary for this system. The new system will automatically compare longterm weather induced micrometer changes in...
The thesis describes the second phase of development of the Autonomous Crack Comparometer (ACC) system to incorporate measurements of ground motions and add several changes in the autonomous operation. In order to obtain the ground motion and air blast data, four additional transducers have been added. There are now a...
Construction is omnipresent in modern-day America. It's the sound and vibration of a nation scrambling to keep up with its burgeoning population. In most states, allowable construction-induced ground motions range from 0.5 to 1.0 inches per second (in/sec) and under certain
conditions up to 2.0 in/sec.
However, ground motion as...
This thesis consists of the data and analysis of structural responses for two different studies: the Office of Surface Mining (OSM) study of the velocity response of “atypical” residential structures and the Autonomous Crack Monitoring (ACM) study. The main basis of this thesis was to do additional analysis on a...
This appendix synthesizes micrometer changes in crack width in response to both long term (environmental) and transient (blast vibration) of four of the structures in the main body. The appendix begins with a description of the genesis of the study and instruments employed. Response of the distressed wood-framed structure in...
Autonomous Crack Measurement (ACM) facilitates simultaneous measurement of crack response to environmental changes and vibrations produced by various construction activities. Dual-purpose crack displacement sensors measure crack response, while the vibration environment is defined by standard seismological transducers and the weather environment is defined as changes in temperature and humidity. This...
All structures have cosmetic cracks, which have no influence on structural integrity and usually remain unremarked until the structure’s occupants sense ground vibrations. Such vibrations are often associated with engineering activity, but are rarely responsible for cracks. However, this is difficult to prove without scientific basis. Automated Crack Monitoring (ACM)...
Cosmetic cracks are very common in structures, and most of the time they remain unnoticed and do not decrease the structural integrity. Although these cracks are unremarkable and barely noticeable, occupants become concerned about these cracks when construction occurs nearby. In order to investigate the true nature of these cracks,...
In early 2001, a sinkhole formed directly under State Road 66 near the city of Sebring in Highlands County, Florida. The Florida DOT built a land bridge over the sinkhole and the road was reopened to traffic. Since SR-66 is an important regional trucking route, it was decided that the...
Crack and structural response to construction trench blasting was measured in a woodframe house with a stucco exterior. Blasts at distances between 232 m to 368 m produced peak particle velocities (PPV) and air blast over pressures (AB) of 9 mm/sec and 0.02 kPa (123 dB), respectively. Structural response velocities...
This thesis summarizes two further developments of the Autonomous Crack Monitoring (ACM) system, which facilitates simultaneous measurement of crack response to environmental changes and various dynamic events. The first component was measurement of crack responses in three different materials and locations in a residential structure subjected to ground vibrations produced...
This thesis summarized the qualification and testing of two commercial Autonomous Crack Monitoring (ACM) systems for use in measuring micrometer displacement of cracks. Qualification involved the assessment of both laboratory and field performance in a residential structure subjected to nearby quarry blasting for the production of roadway aggregate. Aggregate and...
A unique judicial opportunity allowed measurement of the response of three cracks in residential structure to blasting for underground aggregate mining. Instrumented cracks were located in the interior basement CMU mortar and upstairs dry wall as well as exterior brick work. The dynamic environment was unusual. Even though the blasting...
Micro-meter dynamic crack responses in a two story structure to rock blasting- and wind gust- excitation are compared to those induced by long term climatological effects. These measurements substantiate the conservancy of the 12.5 mm/s (0.5 in./s) blasting vibration control to protect residential structures against cracking. The test structure was...
This paper describes the technology and methods deployed in the continuous autonomous remote monitoring of cracks in interior and exterior walls of a residence near a limestone quarry. The object is to quantitatively compare crack response to blast-induced ground motion to that induced by diurnal temperature changes, weather fronts, and...
In this paper vibratory crack response is compared to that produced by volumetric changes in foundation soils induced by natural events. These natural phenomena include changes in the water table, changes in soil moisture, and formation of ice lenses to name a few. Previous papers have compared vibratory responses of...
This paper describes the technology and methods deployed in the continuous autonomous remote monitoring of cracks in interior and exterior walls of a residence near a limestone quarry. The objective is to quantitatively compare crack response due to blast-induced ground motion to that induced by diurnal temperature changes, weather fronts,...
Cosmetic and structural cracks are a large concern for homeowners. Although these cracks can develop from a variety of causes: differential foundation settlement, occupant activity, climatological effects, as well as dynamic events, people tend to look to dynamic events like blasting, construction, or traffic vibrations to be the culprit. This...
The notion of blasting, even in a controlled setting such as a limestone quarry, can be alarming to residents and business owners within earshot. Because humans are inherently sensitive to blast-induced vibrations, they perceive that the structures in which they live in are equally sensitive. The goal of this project...